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The Lee Model 1895 was a straight-pull, cam-action magazine rifle adopted in limited numbers by the U.S. Navy and Marine Corps in 1895 as a first-line infantry rifle.〔Walter, John, ''The Rifle Story: An Illustrated History from 1776 to the Present Day'', MBI Publishing Company, ISBN 1-85367-690-X, 9781853676901 (2006), pp. 133–135〕 The Navy's official designation for the Lee Straight-Pull rifle was the "Lee Rifle, Model of 1895, caliber 6-mm"〔 but the weapon is also largely known by other names, such as: * Winchester-Lee rifle * Model 1895 Lee Navy * 6mm Lee Navy * Lee Rifle, Model of 1895 * etc. It fired a 6mm (0.236-in. caliber) cartridge,〔 which used an early smokeless powder,〔''Reports of Companies'', The Chemical Trade Journal and Oil, Paint, and Colour Review, Vol. 18, June 20, 1896, p. 401: The Smokeless Powder Co., Ltd. originally developed ''Rifleite'' for the British .303 cartridge.〕〔Walke, Willoughby (Lt.), ''Lectures on Explosives: A Course of Lectures Prepared Especially as a Manual and Guide in the Laboratory of the U.S. Artillery School'', J. Wiley & Sons (1897) p. 343: Rifleite was a flake smokeless powder composed of soluble and insoluble nitrocellulose, phenyl amidazobense, and volatiles similar to French smokeless powders; unlike cordite, Riflelite contained no nitroglycerine.〕 was semi-rimless, and fired a 135-grain (later 112-grain) jacketed bullet.〔〔 The 6mm U.S.N. or Lee Navy Cartridge was also used in the navy version of the Colt–Browning Model 1895 machinegun.〔〔The New York World, ''The World Almanac and Encyclopedia: Rifles Used by the Principal Powers of the World'', Vol. 1 No. 4, New York: Press Publishing Co. (January 1894), p. 309: The Naval Small Arms Board reported that in adopting the 6mm cartridge specification, "due consideration has been given to the desirability of using the same cartridge for machine guns as for the small arm, and the Board deems that no difficulty in the manufacture or manipulation of machine guns will be caused by their use of 6mm ammunition."〕 ==Production history and development== By 1894, the U.S. Navy desired to adopt a modern small-bore, smokeless powder rifle in keeping with other first-line naval powers. Naval authorities decided that the new cartridge should be adaptable to both rifles and machine guns. As the military forces began adopting smaller and smaller caliber rifles with higher velocity cartridges, U.S. naval authorities decided to leapfrog developments by adopting a semi-rimless cartridge in 6-mm caliber, with a case capable of holding a heavy charge of smokeless powder.〔Sampson, W.T., ''Annual Reports of the Navy Department: Report of Chief of Bureau of Ordnance'', Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office (1895), pp. 215–218〕 On August 1, 1894 a naval test board was convened at the Naval Torpedo Station in Newport, Rhode Island to test submitted magazine rifles in the new 6mm Navy government chambering.〔Sampson, W.T., ''Annual Reports of the Navy Department: Report of Chief of Bureau of Ordnance, Notice to Inventors and Others'', Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office (1894), pp. 385–388〕 Per the terms of the Notice to Inventors, the new government-designed ''6mm U.S.N'' aka ''Ball Cartridge, 6mm'' was the only cartridge permitted for rifles tested before the Naval Small Arms Board.〔 Both the ammunition and rifle barrels were supplied by the government; the barrels, made of 4.5 per cent nickel steel, used Lee–Metford-pattern rifling with a rifling twist of one turn in 6.5 inches, and were supplied unchambered with the receiver thread uncut.〔〔 The rifle action was required to withstand the firing of five overpressure (proof) cartridges with a chamber pressure of 60,000 psi.〔 In the first set of service trials, the naval small arms board tested several submissions, including the ''Van Patten'', ''Daudeteau'', ''Briggs-Kneeland'', ''Miles'', the ''Russell-Livermore Magazine Rifle'', five ''Remington'' turnbolt designs (all with side-mounted magazines), and the ''Lee'' straight-pull.〔''The Annual Reports of the Navy Department: Report of the Secretary of the Navy – Report of Naval Small Arms Board, October 22, 1894, November 22, 1894, and May 15, 1895'', Washington, D.C.: United States Navy Dept. (1895), pp. 301–310〕 In a second set of trials the ''Model 1893/94 Luger 6-mm Rifle''〔Walter, John, ''Rifles of the World'' (3d ed.), Krause Publications, ISBN 0-89689-241-7, ISBN 978-0-89689-241-5 (2006), p. 568: The ''Model 1893/94 Luger Rifle'' was an experimental design derived from the German Gewehr 88 service rifle, and was equipped with a magazine that would accept stripper clips, Mannlicher clips, or Luger clips.〕 and the ''Durst'' rifle were also considered, along with a ''Lee'' turning-bolt design.〔 The ''Durst'' prototype fractured the receiver in firing and was withdrawn from the test, while the ''Luger Rifle'' performed excellently. Luger's submission had only one major disadvantage: it failed to meet government specifications, having been chambered in a non-standard rimless 6mm cartridge.〔 The ''Lee'' turning bolt design was considered to be a good one, but marred by its magazine system, which the Small Arms Board found to be problematic.〔 The Board thought so highly of the ''Luger Rifle'' that it recommended purchase of either a prototype or an option to purchase the rights to manufacture.〔 Apparently this never came to pass, as Luger not only declined to submit its design in the Navy's government 6mm chambering, but withdrew from the third round of the service trials.〔 The ''Lee'' straight-pull rifle with its charger-loaded magazine was chosen as the winner in repeated small arms trials, and was selected for adoption by the U.S. Navy in 1895 as the ''Lee Rifle, Model of 1895, caliber 6-mm'', aka the M1895 Lee Navy.〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「M1895 Lee Navy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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